This is the second example for teaching a frustration-less ‘leave it’, this time with a puppy. Notice how when I switch to the left hand (more difficult) and the other dog begins to encroach on his space he starts to have trouble focusing. As the other dog moves in Max’s brain function immediately changes from cognitive to biological in that he is now competing for the food in my hand rather than being able to learn from it. See video 3 for how I change this.